The MiG-35/MiG-35D exhibits the latest advancements on MiG-29K/KUB
and MiG-29M/M2 fighters in combat efficiency enhancement, universality and operational
characteristics improvement.[3] The main features of the new design are the fifth-generation
information-sighting systems, compatibility with Russian and foreign origin weapons
application and an integrated variety of defensive systems to increase combat survivability.
The new overall design overtakes the design concepts of the baseline model and enables
the new aircraft to conduct full-scale multi-role missions as their western counterparts.
New avionics are intended to allow the aircraft to retain air superiority against
fourth- and fifth-generation fighters as well as to perform all-weather precision
ground strikes, aerial reconnaissance with opto-electronic and radar equipment and
to conduct complex joint missions. The new aircraft has greater weapons load on
nine pylons, increased fuel capacity, better anti-corrosion protection, significantly
reduced radar signature and a quadruply-redundant fly-by-wire control system. Responding
to earlier criticism, the new design is substantially more reliable than the previous
variants. The airframe lifetime and its service life have been extended and it is
fitted with new engines with longer mean time between overhauls (MTBO), resulting
in a decrease in flight-hour cost of almost 2.5 times compared to those of the old
variants. The new engines are now smokeless and include a FADEC type electronic
control system for better performance. All aspect vector nozzles which had been
demonstrated on MiG-29OVT are also optional. Other technological improvements were
also introduced to enhance the aircraft's ability to conduct independent operations.
For example, an airborne oxygen generation plant was added. RAC MiG and the Italian
company Elettronica signed a Memorandum of Understanding to provide the MIG-35 with
a new multifunction self-protection jammer.[4] Furthermore, the RAC MiG engineers
developed a set of training simulators to help pilots master the sophisticated controls
of the new aircraft. The simulators offer interactive computer-based training systems
and offer full-mission motion simulation. The first demonstrator, a dual-seat aircraft,
was built on an existing MiG-29M2 airframe, which previously served as a demonstrator
for modifications designated MiG-29MRCA and MiG-29M2. It was presented for the first
time at an international air show when the aircraft was unveiled at Aero India 2007.
Unveiling at Aero India 2007 Main article: Indian MRCA Competition Russia unveiled
the MiG-35 at the Aero India 2007 airshow in Bangalore,[5] amid Moscow's keenness
to sell these planes to India. It was reported that the MiG-35 made its way from
Moscow to Bangalore in less than three hours, assisted by in-flight refueling on
the way and flying at supersonic speeds. The MiG-35 is a contender with the F/A-18E/F
Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale, JAS 39 Gripen and F-16 Falcon for the bid of more
than 126 multirole combat aircraft (MRCA) to be procured by the Indian Air Force.
Aero India 2007 was the first time that the final version of the MiG-35 fighter
was displayed in an international air show. Until then, only the prototype of the
MiG-35 had been shown to the public at air shows in Russia and the UK in 2005. Design
Features The most important changes are the Phazotron Zhuk-AE active electronically
scanned array (AESA) radar, the RD-33MK engines and the newly designed Optical Locator
System (OLS).[6][7][8] Other obvious changes in the cockpit are the reduction in
analog electronics. Powerplant The RD-33MK "Morskaya Osa" (Russian: Морская Оса:
"Sea Wasp") was installed by the new modification. It is the latest version of the
RD-33 and was intended to power the MiG-29K and MiG-29KUB. It has 7% more power
compared to the baseline model due to the use of modern materials in the cooled
blades, providing a higher thrust of 9,000 kgf. In response to earlier criticism,
the new engines are smokeless and include systems that reduce infrared and optical
visibility. The engines may be fitted with vectored-thrust nozzles, which would
result an increase in combat efficiency by 12 to 15%.[9][10] Cockpit Analog electronics
are minimized, being replaced by 3 equal-size colour liquid-crystal (LCD) multi-function
displays (MFDs) and an additional display for the OLS (the MiG-35D rear cockpit
has four LCDs). Sensors New modifications include the newly rolled-out Phazotron
Zhuk-AE active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar and an optronic complex
consisting of the newly designed OLS to replace the previous IRST sensor, an additional
OLS under the right air intake, and a pair of laser emission detectors on each wing
tip. The new airborne AESA radar offers a wider range of operating frequencies,
providing more resistance to electronic countermeasures (ECM), more detection range,
more air and ground targets detected, tracked and able to be engaged simultaneously
The OLS, a new development from space technologies, incorporates a helmet-mounted
target designation system providing targeting solutions for both ground and air
targets in the forward and aft hemispheres of the aircraft. The most vital difference
from the previous IRST sensor is that the new device provides not only a better
operation range but also offers manually switchable display options of IR view,
TV mode or a mix of both that had significantly improved man-machine coordination.
The OLS on the nose serve as the IRST while the OLS under the right air intake served
as the ground strike designator. Summary statistic of the OLS In air combat, the
optronic suite allows: * Detection of non-afterburning targets at 45 km range and
more; * Identification of those targets at 8 to 10 km range; and * Estimates of
aerial target range at up to 15 km. For ground targets, the suite allows: * A tank-effective
detection range up to 15 km, and aircraft carrier detection at 60 to 80 km; * Identification
of the tank type on the 8 to 10 km range, and of an aircraft carrier at 40 to 60
km; and * Estimates of ground target range of up to 20 km. The defensive system
equipment consists of radar reconnaissance, electronic countermeasures, and optical
systems — notably the laser emission detector on each wingtip — which are able to
detect and evaluate the approaching danger and operate decoy dispensers to counteract
the approaching threat in the radar and infrared ranges. Other The aircraft is designed
to be compatible with foreign avionics and weapon systems. Specifications The MiG-35
is currently in development. Information listed below is preliminary and may change.
Data from Aero India,[5] ASD-network,[11] and MiG-29M2 data[12] General characteristics
* Crew: One or Two * Length: 19 m (62 ft 4 in) * Wingspan: 15 m (49 ft 3 in) * Height:
6 m (19 ft 8 in) * Empty weight: 15,000 kg (33,069 lb) * Max takeoff weight: 22,700
kg (50,076 lb) * Powerplant: 2× Klimov RD-33MK afterburning turbofans, 8,900 kgf
(19,620 lbf) each Performance * Maximum speed: Mach 2.4 (2,556 km/h, 1,587 mph at
altitude) * Range: 2,000 km, 1242 mi (with 3 external tanks 3,100 km, 1,926 mi)
* Service ceiling 18,900 m (62,000 ft) * Rate of climb: 330 m/s (65,000 ft/min)
Armament * 1x 30 mm GSh-30-1 cannon with 250 rounds * Nine weapon pylons for R-27,
R-60, R-73, R-77, TV and Laser-Guided Air to ground missiles and bombs inclusive
of one centerline pylon. * Up to 14000 lb of bombs
 The Orbital Space Plane (OSP)
program was designed to support the International Space Station requirements for
crew rescue, crew transport and contingency cargo such as supplies, food and other
needed equipment. With the initiation of Project Constellation, NASA transferred
the knowledge gained on the OSP to the development of Crew Exploration Vehicle[1],
a Project Apollo-style capsule with separate crew and service modules. Origin The
initial plans for the International Space Station envisaged a small, low-cost 'Assured
Crew Return Vehicle' which would provide emergency evacuation capability; the X-38
was the prototype of this. Following cancellation of the ACRV in 2002, the program
led to the more capable Orbital Space Plane concept. The first variant of the Orbital
Space Plane was designed to serve as a crew rescue vehicle for the ISS; this replaced
the previous plans for a dedicated station Crew Return Vehicle, which had been sidelined
by budget cuts. This early version of the plane had been expected to enter service
by 2010[2]. Function Future versions of the Orbital Space Plane would have been
launched on an existing EELV rocket to carry crews to the International Space Station.
It was envisaged that the OSP would operate alongside the Shuttle with the OSP responsible
for crew flights and the shuttle handling construction and cargo flights. At the
time, the shuttle program was not yet set for retirement and was thought to be technically
viable up until the 2030s. Thus it was expected that the two spacecraft would complement
each other throughout the lifespan of the ISS. One advantage of this approach would
have been assured manned access to space; the lack of this capability was to be
highlighted starkly with the loss of Space Shuttle Columbia. Top level requirements
for the Orbital Space Plane and its related systems were approved in February 2003[3].
In March 2003, the program began evaluating system operations to ensure the alignment
of systems design between the NASA mission and the contractor design. Transfer to
the CEV program The Crew Exploration Vehicle program emerged from the initial OSP
proposals[citation needed], which had been based on four groups of concepts considered
for the physical design of the space plane itself — or the vehicle architecture:
a capsule, a lifting body, a sharp body with wings and a blunt body with wings (see
image). After the Columbia accident investigation, the capsule design with a separate
escape system was considered the optimal design for crew safety. Other program components
Other components of the OSP program were the X-37 and the DART. The X-37 vehicle
was designed to flight test advancing technologies to reduce the risk of future
reusable launch vehicle systems, including the Orbital Space Plane. The Demonstration
for Autonomous Rendezvous Technology or DART, was another flight demonstrator vehicle
designed to test technologies required to locate and rendezvous with other spacecraft.
Although Russia has mastered this technology for years, this is the first for NASA.
Using onboard guidance sensors, DART would have performed a series of maneuvers
around a retired satellite. However, after a successful launch, unknown problems
with the guidance system caused the vehicle to run out of thruster fuel prematurely,
ending the mission before all objectives could be carried out
.
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Seating: 250 to 290 passengers
Range: 8,000 to 8,500 nautical miles (14,800 to 15,750 kilometers)
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Airbus is the first jetliner manufacturer to be certified to international environmental
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plants. The Airbus' approach is based on an innovative Environment Management System,
used to map, assess, track and minimize an aircraft's environmental impact throughout
its life. This approach optimises environmental performance at any phase of the
product life cycle.
The A380 has been a catalyst for innovative new technologies and a new way of "working
together" across the industry. Airbus negotiates environmental requirements in contractual
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B/E
is the world's leading manufacturer of commercial aircraft seating with an installed
base of more than one million seats in service. The Company has more seat manufacturing
capacity than do all other seat manufacturers combined. B/E is also the world's
largest and only fully integrated manufacturer of food and beverage preparation
and storage equipment for commercial and business jet aircraft. In addition, B/E
is the only manufacturer with the capacity to manufacture and fully integrate oxygen
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Honeywell Aerospace is a pioneer in aviation safety with industry leading safety
products like our Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EPGWS) and Runway Awareness
and Advisory System (RAAS). We continue to be a leading supplier of avionics and
lighting solutions by offering state-of-the-art, proven products and systems for
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